You’ve got to believe that by NOT teaching, people can learn – Paul Nation

Paul Nation introduces his “Four Strands” framework for balanced language learning: meaning-focused input, meaning-focused output, language-focused learning, and fluency development, each ideally comprising a quarter of course time. He emphasizes that effective learning relies on what one focuses on, the quantity of attention (repetition), and the quality of that attention. Nation champions extensive reading, noting institutional reluctance stems from the belief that learning always requires direct teaching. He argues a teacher’s primary roles are planning, organizing, and training, with teaching being a smaller component. He hopes AI will enhance resources like extensive listening, but fundamentally, core learning principles remain key.